LA SAGRADA FAMILIA
The
monumental church El Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família
(Expiatory Temple of the Sacred Family) is Gaudí's most
famous work, the finest example of his visionary genius, and a
world-wide symbol of Barcelona. The architect undertook the task
in 1883 on the site of a previous neo-Gothic project begun in
1882 by F. del Villar. Gaudi dedicated his life, in his later
years to the exclusion of all else, to carrying out this ambitious
undertaking which due to his sudden death was left unfinished.
Gaudí wanted to create a "20th century cathedral",
a synthesis of all his architectural knowledge with a complex
system of symbolisms and a visual explication of the mysteries
of faith. There would be facades representing the birth,death,
and resurrection of Christ with eighteen towers symbolizing the
twelve Apostles, the four Evangelists, and the Virgin Mary and
Christ. This latter, the tallest, would stand 170 meters high.
The church was based on the plan of a Gothic basilica with five
naves, a transept, an apse, and ambulatory. Gaudí planned
monumental facades on the central nave and the arms of the transept.
He wanted to give the edifice a spectacular vertical dimension
by way of an effusion of pinnacles and high, spiral-shaped towers
which would be covered in abstract patterns of Venetian glass
mosaic crowned by Episcopalian symbols and the cross.
Works personally undertaken by Gaudí are the neo-Gothic
crypt, the constructed part of the apse, and the magnificent facade
of the Nativity (Eastern side) with a purely naturalistic exuberance
in its decoration; figures are directly molded from nature, animals,
plants, clouds, etc. Of the four towers of this facade, Gaudí
only saw that of St. Barnabas completed.
Gaudí became obsessed with the church to the point that
not only did he focus all of his creative energies into it, but
he set up residence in his on-site study as well. On June 7, 1926,
Gaudi was hit by a street car while crossing the Gran Vía
at Gerona. Three days later not having regained consciousness,
Gaudí died at the age of 74.
Work continued on the church, however, until it was interrupted
in 1936 when the crypt and Gaudí's study holding his notes
and designs were burnt by Spanish Civil War shelling. The project
was resumed in 1952 using drawings and maquettes as a base although
the continuation of the work gave rise to much debate. From 1954
to 1976, the facade and the four towers of the Passion (Western
side) were completed. The sculptor Josep. M. Subirachs joined
the project team to work on the sculptures on the Portal of Passion
in 1987. Today, the constructed part is open to visitors as well
as the small Museu del Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família
with maquettes and drawings showing the construction process.
The towers can be climbed as well offering incredible vistas of
the city.